Whang-od Oggay (['???:'?d]; born February 17, 1917) also known as Maria Oggay is a Filipina tattoo artist from Buscalan, Tinglayan, Kalinga, Philippines. She is often described as the "last" and oldest mambabatok (traditional Kalinga tattooist) and is part of the Butbut people of the larger Kalinga ethnic group.
She has been tattooing headhunters and women of the indigenous people of Butbut in Buscalan, Kalinga since she was 15 years old but the Butbut warriors who used to earn tattoos through protecting villages or killing enemies no longer exist. Despite that, Whang-od continues to apply her traditional art form to tourists visiting Buscalan.
There were proposals to have Whang-od as one of the National Artists of the Philippines or as one of the National Living Treasures due to her status as the last mambabatok of her generation, her role in promoting awareness on the thousand-years tradition of batok and training several practitioners including her and her two grandnieces Grace Palicas and Ilyang Wigan. She has been featured in various events and television shows highlighting her life and her tattoo works. Her nomination to the National Living Treasures (GAMABA or Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan in Tagalog) was officially received by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts on October 21, 2017 for deliberations.
Video Whang-od
Biography
Career
Whang-od started her tattoo works at the age of 15 that she learned from her father. She has been doing the batok, the traditional hand-tapped tattooing, to male headhunters who earned the tattoos by protecting villages or killing enemies. She also applies tattoos to women of the Butbut people in Buscalan, Kalinga primarily for aesthetic purposes. As a traditional Kalinga tattooist or mambabatok, she did fortune telling and chants while doing tattoos. Every design she created has symbolic meanings connected to it. For example, an eagle tattoo indicates that the warrior successfully killed an enemy upon his return from a battle.
She herself was tattooed when she was a teenager and her first tattoo consists of a ladder and a python. Fatok is the term used for tattooing women to show beauty and wealth. When an arm of woman is tattooed just like Whang-od's own tattoos, the family of the woman is obliged to pay the tattoo artist a piglet or bundle of harvested rice (locally called as dalan). On the other hand, fi-ing is the term used for tattooing of male Butbut warriors on their chests and arms. Whang-od used to practice fi-ing until headhunting was discouraged by the government. Fi-ing was last practiced in 1972.
Though headhunters no longer exists, Whang-od still applies the tattoos to Buscalan tourists. However, she would no longer do chants when tattooing tourists. Some of her notable customers include Rhian Ramos, Drew Arellano, Liza Diño and Aiza Seguerra. There are also non-Filipinos who have their skin tattooed by Whang-od.
Her early tattoo works did not earn her any income but due to the influx of tourists in her town, she was earning at least Php 5,000 a day for her tattooing in 2015. She accepts around twenty to thirty customers everyday. In early 2017, Whang-od briefly stopped tattooing due to health reasons. She had diarrhea and continuous cough that prompted her to take a rest for a week. She returned back to tattooing after she recovered from her illness.
Like other indigenouism artists, her tattoo ink is composed of the indigenous materials, which are mixture of charcoal and water that will be tapped into the skin through a thorn end of a calamansi or pomelo tree. This ancient technique of batok that dates back a thousand years before her time is relatively painful compared to other conventional techniques. She uses designs found in nature and basic geometric shapes. Her signature tattoo is composed of three dots.
Aside from being a tattoo artist, Whang-od is a respected village elder and plays the nose flute. She also do agricultural tasks like feeding pigs and chickens; and working at the family's rice farm.
Personal life
Whang-od previously had Ang-Batang, a Butbut warrior, as her boyfriend. She personally performed a batok on Ang-Batang after the warrior's first victory in a battle. Many elders opposed her relations with Ang-Batang since many believed that the bloodline of the man is not pure. A marriage was arranged for Ang-Batang and Whang-od's best friend Hogkajon afterwards. Her boyfriend died during World War II died due to a logging accident when Whang-od was 25 years old.
She was never married and has no children leaving no direct descendant to continue her legacy as a mambabatok or tattoo artist. According to tradition, her tattooing skills can only be inherited through lineage. Whang-od believes that if someone outside the bloodline starts tattooing, the tattoo would get infected. Due to modern living, the young people of her village are no longer interested in embracing the tattooing works of their elders. Despite that, she trains Grace Palicas, her grandniece, and Ilyang Wigan, another bloodline successor, to continue her tattooing work. There are also other tattoo practitioners under Whang-od's wing including a 12-year-old named Den Wigan. However, those successors have not performed other works of a mambabatok and their own tattoos are not that intricate compared to Whang-od. Furthermore, according to Filipino anthropologist Analyn Salvador-Amores, the other batok traditions, which includes chanting and fortune telling; and the symbolic meanings of the tattoos may fade away with Whang-od because these were not transferred to her successors.. With that, Whang-od may be the last mambabatok of her village yet.
Centenary
According to various sources, Whang-od was born on February 17, 1917 and she turned 100 in 2017 making her eligible to receive benefits from the Philippine government as per Centenarians Act of 2016 or Republic Act 10868. Although, the government and some groups doubted her claim because she has not presented any valid documents to prove her birth date. In June 2017, she received a Philippine postal ID and she will use the ID as proof of her eligibility to the Centenarians Act.
Maps Whang-od
Recognition
Due to Whang-od's status as the last mambabatok of her generation, her role in bringing awareness to a form of traditional tattooing and training several practitioners, many netizens were lobbying her to be one of the National Artists of the Philippines. A hashtag campaign (#WangOdNationalArtist) started on September 2015 and the hashtag was shared through social media about 11 thousand times after almost a month. Some netizens were campaigning for her to be given the National Living Treasures Award instead.
In 2015, then Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago urged her colleagues in the Philippine Senate through a resolution that Whang-od should be nominated as one of the National Living Treasures (GAMABA or Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan in Tagalog), who are of equal rank to National Artists. Senator Nancy Binay through a senate resolution in June 2016 enjoined the Philippine senate to nominate Whang-od as a National Living Treasure. Likewise, her nomination as National Artist or National Living Treasure has been backed by Senator Loren Legarda through a separate Senate resolution.
Former National Commission for Culture and the Arts of the Philippines (NCCA) chair Felipe de Leon Jr. also expressed his support for Whang-od's nomination and argued that the role of a mambabatok is to become the beacon of togetherness and support of the community. He also added that she aids her community through tattooing tourists and she is practicing traditional Kalinga art form as means of living and therefore should be eligible for both the National Living Treasure Award and the National Artists Award. Filipino anthropologist and University of the Philippines Baguio professor Analyn Salvado-Amores said that though she has no objections on Whang-od's nomination to the GAMABA, Whang-od might not get conferred because she earns from tattooing and one of the requirement for a GAMABA award is to practice the craft without making any profit from it.
Whang-od was formally nominated to the National Living Treasures Award during the 66th Manila Fame event on October 21, 2017. The nomination was accepted by the NCCA through a ceremony within the event. NCCA is finalizing the documents to confer Whang-od and have Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte sign it. Once conferred, Whang-od would get a gold medallion, a monthly allowance of Php 14,000 and a starting grant of Php 100,000.
Highlights in events
Whang-od was present during Dutdutan Tattoo Expo 2012 held in the Philippines where she had her own booth. Whang-od's image is included in an exhibit at the Royal Ontario Museum in Canada. The exhibit is entitled Tattoos: Ritual. Identity. Obsession. Art and it was first shown on April 2, 2016. Exhibitors chose the photograph from several photos from another exhibit at Musee Du Quai Branly in Paris. They did not know about Whang-od until a visitor told them.
2017 Manila visit
In October 2017, Whang-od together with Palicas and Wigan, her apprentices and grandnieces, went to Metro Manila to show their craftsmanship at the 66th Manila Fame trade show. The Philippine Air Force accompanied them through a helicopter on their journey to Manila. Aside from attending the trade show, Whang-od met with Coco Martin, her favorite actor. Meanwhile, Palicas visited Intramuros along with other tattooist in Kalinga.
Organizers of the Manila Fame was criticized after a photo that went viral in social media surfaced. In the photo, Whang-od is shown sleeping at the forum in the trade show. Some netizens accused the organizers of exploiting Whang-od by permitting her to tattoo many participants of the event. Critics also added that Whang-od's presence at the trade fair is a commodification of her culture due to fees being charged for the attendees. According to the President of the Philippine Tattoo Artists Guild, Ricky Sta. Ana, the Buscalan village leaders were not aware that Whang-od would be tattooing in the event and the tattoo works at the trade show was not part of the agreement between the village leaders and the organizers of Manila Fame. In contrast, the contract that Whang-od and her grandnieces signed for joining the event involves live tattooing and talks.
The Center for International Trade and Expositions and Missions (CITEM), the organizer of the event, though its Executive Director Clayton Tugonon defended the participation of Whang-od in Manila Fame. He said that inclusion of Whang-od at the event was coursed through the Kalinga village elders and proper government agencies namely the Philippine Air Force, Philippine Army, the National Commission on Indigenous People, the Department of Tourism and the Department of Trade and Industry. Whang-od's health was taken care of by a team assigned by the organizers while her travel was safeguarded by the Philippine Army and Philippine Air Force.. He made it clear that all revenue obtained from tattoo works of Whang-od and her grandnieces during the trade show were wholly managed by the Kalinga elders. He also denied that there was exploitation because Whang-od herself insisted on doing tattooing works and the organizers cannot stop her. He further commented in the viral photo circulating in social media showing a sleeping Whang-od and said that she was just bored waiting for a talk to end at the forum.
Filipino anthropologist Analyn Salvador-Amores commented on the issue and said that someone should have asked Whang-od herself if she was really exploited. She also urged that there should be sensibility and sensitivity to culture, and respect to the tradition of the tattooist, regardless of where the practitioner is located. She praised the organizers for bringing Whang-od with all the necessary preparations but it could have been planned better. She also criticized the organizers for cordoning the tattoo artists that made them look like paid public performers. She suggested that the event could have been better if there were more interactions and not exclusive.
Amidst the debate of exploitation, Palicas sent an SMS message to organizers telling them that they were honored to come to Manila and Whang-od wanted to experience different cultures. She also said in a social media post that they, the tattoo artists, signed a contract for the event and they have done the tattoo works at the event at their own free will. She also added that it would make them look like foolish persons if the issues concerning the events continue. Eva Oggay, another relative of Whang-od, posted on social media that the Kalinga contingent in the event were happy to come to Manila and Whang-od is happy to meet people in Manila.
Television features
American anthropologist Lars Krutak visited Kalinga in 2009 and documented Whang-od's tattoo works. The documentary was featured on Discovery Channel that became the start of presenting of the Kalinga culture and Whang-od to a global audience. In 2010, she was also featured in i-Witness, a documentary television program of GMA Network, that was documented by Kara David.
In 2017, Whang-od was featured in the Dayaw series of the NCCA and ABS-CBN News Channel, where her contributions to the country's national identity and heritage were presented by former NCCA Chairman Felipe De Leon Jr. and Senator Loren Legarda. Her life story was featured in Wagas, a GMA News TV's drama series in 2017, where Janine Gutierrez portrayed Whang-od.
References
Source of article : Wikipedia
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